Ringfort (Rath), Ballinlag, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballinlag, Co. Mayo

On a ridge in Ballinlag, Co. Mayo, a roughly circular earthwork sits close to the southern edge of the high ground, where the land drops away and opens into a broad, shallow stream valley.

The positioning is not accidental. From here, the view sweeps from the south-east through to the west, a wide arc that would have made any movement across the valley floor visible from a considerable distance. Only to the north and north-north-east does rising ground close things off. The Trimoge River runs about 400 metres to the north.

This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in the country. Typically dating from roughly the 5th to the 12th centuries, raths served as enclosed farmsteads, the earthen banks defining a boundary around a household and its immediate activities. This example measures about 31 metres north to south and 30.5 metres east to west. The defining bank survives best to the north and north-east, where it still stands 1.7 metres above the exterior ground level, though elsewhere it has been reduced to a scarp. Part of the scarp has been adapted as a field boundary and topped with a post-and-wire fence, a pragmatic reuse that has slightly altered the original form. A broad slumped gap of around 5 metres at the east-south-east may represent where an entrance once stood. Inside, the ground dips gently from the south-west towards the east and north-east, and the south-west quadrant shows signs of disturbance, with humps, hollows, and rabbit burrows throughout. A single large boulder is set into the ground in the south-east quadrant. Most notably, a lintelled opening near the western centre leads to a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber, features often associated with storage or refuge in early medieval settlements. Hawthorn bushes ring the interior edge, and there is a second rath just 100 metres to the south-east.

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Pete F
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