Ringfort (Rath), Ballyegny, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
What appears at first glance to be a slight irregularity in a Limerick pasture turns out, on closer inspection, to be a double-banked ringfort of considerable survival.
Ringforts, sometimes called raths, were the most common form of enclosed farmstead in early medieval Ireland, typically circular enclosures of earthen banks and ditches that housed a single family and their livestock. This one, sitting on an east-facing slope at Ballyegny, is unusual in having two concentric banks rather than one, a feature that suggests its occupants wanted, or needed, a more substantial boundary than most of their neighbours.
The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with survey data uploaded in August 2011 and aerial photographs taken in March 2006. The inner bank survives most impressively along its western half, where it reaches an external height of 2.75 metres, though it has been reduced to a scarp along the northern arc. A causeway 3.4 metres wide crosses the fosse at the south-southeast, marking the original entrance. The fosse itself, the ditch between the two banks, has a base width of around 3.25 metres and is now largely obscured by dense overgrowth. The outer bank is a mixed earth-and-stone construction, averaging about 0.85 metres in external height but rising to 1.1 metres on its western and north-western side, while the northern arc has been levelled, most likely by agricultural activity over centuries. A slight internal berm runs along the base of the inner bank between the south-west and north-west, possibly the result of material slowly slumping downslope over time. A separate linear scarp near the outer bank to the south-west may mark the line of a field boundary that no longer exists.
The interior is level and under pasture, which makes the overall form easier to read than many comparable sites swallowed by scrub or forestry. The double-bank arrangement is the detail worth pausing over: most raths have a single enclosing bank, and the extra circuit here, with its own intervening ditch, points to a site of some local significance. The site is on private farmland, so access would require the landowner's permission. Those with an interest in early medieval settlement might find aerial imagery a useful first step, given the photographs already held by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland.