Ringfort (Rath), Ballyegny, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyegny, Co. Limerick

What looks at first glance like a small woodland in the middle of County Limerick farmland turns out, on closer inspection, to be something considerably older.

Sitting on a north-facing slope just above the avenue to Ballyegny House, this ringfort, or rath, is a type of enclosed farmstead once common across early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Thousands survive in various states of preservation, but this one has a particular structural logic worth paying attention to: its builders compensated for the natural gradient of the ground by raising the earthen bank considerably higher on the north side, where the slope falls away, reaching an external height of 2.35 metres there compared to a more modest 1.5 metres elsewhere around the circuit.

The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with details uploaded in August 2011. The circular enclosure measures approximately 30.5 metres north to south and 31.5 metres east to west, making it a fairly standard example in terms of scale. What gives it some additional interest is the layering of its defences. Beyond the main earthen bank lies an external fosse, a defensive ditch roughly 3.75 metres wide, running from the south-southwest around to the south-southeast. Beyond that again sits a counterscarp bank, a secondary low bank on the outer edge of the ditch, which continues from the north-northeast around to the south-southeast. This combination of bank, ditch, and counterscarp suggests a degree of effort in construction that goes beyond the bare minimum. Later activity has left its own mark too: a field boundary meets the fosse at the north-northeast, and a low earthen bank cuts across the fosse at the southeast, both suggesting the surrounding land was reorganised at some point after the rath fell out of its original use.

The interior slopes gently downward to the north, and both the interior and the bank are now covered by mature deciduous trees, giving the whole enclosure the appearance of a small managed copse from a distance. The fosse on the south-southwest to north-northwest arc is heavily overgrown and largely invisible until you are standing beside it. The site lies in pasture immediately north of the Ballyegny House avenue, so access depends on the usual courtesies extended to farmland. Those familiar with reading earthworks will find the north side of the bank the most rewarding place to stand, where the height difference built in by its original constructors is still plainly visible in the ground.

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Pete F
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