Ringfort (Rath), Ballyfeerode, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
Most ringforts in Ireland present themselves simply enough: a roughly circular earthen enclosure, a surrounding ditch, perhaps a raised interior.
The one at Ballyfeerode, in County Limerick, carries an extra detail that sets it apart. Writing in 1916 or 1917, the antiquarian Thomas Johnson Westropp recorded the site as a ring-fort accompanied by a diamond-shaped annexe, an unusual geometric addition to what might otherwise be a fairly typical example of early medieval rural settlement.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were the farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They served as enclosed homesteads, their earthen banks and ditches, the surrounding depression being called a fosse, offering a degree of protection for a farming family and their livestock. The Ballyfeerode example sits in pasture some 55 metres west of the Ahaphuca River, which runs along the townland boundary with Cullane South. By the time the Ordnance Survey recorded it on their six-inch map in 1840, it appeared as a circular enclosure. Fifty-seven years later, the 1897 twenty-five-inch Ordnance Survey map showed it as a raised, roughly oval-shaped area, measuring approximately 52 metres northwest to southeast and 40 metres east to west, with the fosse running from the southwest around through west to north, and the remaining boundary absorbed into the field system. It is this gradual incorporation into working farmland that tends to obscure such sites over time.
Today, the site is most readily examined through aerial imagery, where an irregular tree-lined shape marks the main enclosure in the pasture. A faint trace of the annexe that Westropp described is visible to the south-southeast on Digital Globe imagery taken between 2011 and 2013. On the ground, the site remains in agricultural use, so access would require landowner permission. The Ahaphuca River nearby provides a useful orientation point when trying to locate the earthwork from the road, and the tree cover that now defines the perimeter makes the enclosure easier to pick out from a distance than many similar sites that have lost their boundary vegetation entirely.