Ringfort (Rath), Ballygarvey, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
What makes this particular enclosure curious is its shape.
Most ringforts, the roughly circular earthwork enclosures built across Ireland from the early medieval period onwards, live up to their name. This one does not quite manage it. Sitting atop a low ridge on poorly drained ground in County Westmeath, the earthwork is broadly D-shaped, its flat side running along the north-east, and it measures approximately 24.5 metres north to south and 25 metres east to west internally. A ringfort, in practical terms, was typically a farmstead enclosure, defined by a raised bank and often a fosse (a ditch dug just outside the bank), used to protect a household, its animals, and its stores. Here, the bank is very low, the fosse slight, and there are traces suggesting a second, outer bank and fosse further out, hinting at a more elaborate original design that time and land use have largely erased.
The site sits in a notably busy prehistoric and early historic landscape. Within a radius of less than 500 metres there are at least three other monuments: a concentric enclosure to the north-east and two further ringforts to the south-west and west. Whether these were all in use simultaneously or represent different phases of settlement across the centuries is not recorded here, but the clustering is striking. By the time the Ordnance Survey mapped the area in 1837, the D-shape was already being absorbed into the working agricultural landscape, its straight north-eastern edge doing duty as a field boundary. Post-1700 cultivation ridges, the kind left by lazy-bed or ridge-and-furrow farming, are still legible across the interior, and quarrying hollows have disturbed the ground to the north and north-east. No entrance feature has survived, if one was ever clearly defined. The monument was recorded by Frank Coyne and Caimin O'Brien.