Ringfort (Rath), Ballygarvey, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballygarvey, Co. Westmeath

What makes this ringfort in Ballygarvey, County Westmeath worth a second look is not grandeur but accumulation: layer upon layer of occupation compressed into a roughly circular space about 35 metres across, surrounded on almost every side by ground that floods.

Whoever chose this spot selected a low ridge of rock outcrop rising above poorly drained land, with bogland to the south and south-west and a stream marking the county boundary with Longford less than 300 metres to the west. Three other early medieval sites cluster within 200 metres, suggesting this was once a busy little pocket of settlement rather than an isolated farmstead.

A ringfort, or rath, is an enclosed farmstead of the early medieval period, typically defined by a circular earthen bank and an outer ditch. Here, the enclosing bank of earth and stone survives only at the north-north-east; elsewhere it has been worn down to a scarp, a slight step in the ground that is easy to miss. The external fosse, the ditch that once ran outside the bank, is visible only at the east and west. There are two entrance gaps, causewayed breaks where the bank was left uncut to allow access: the one at the north-north-east is likely original, while a second at the east appears to be a later addition. Inside, the ground is uneven and slopes outward from the centre, and much of the south-west quadrant is taken up by a circular grass-covered mound that may be natural rock outcrop. On top of that mound sits a smaller, irregular heap of earth and stone, most probably the collapsed remains of a house. A second structure, rectangular in plan, sits west of centre and appears to overlie the enclosing bank itself, suggesting it was built after the ringfort had already fallen out of use as an enclosure. Its date is unknown.

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