Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Galway

What makes the rath at Ballyglass unusual is not simply its age or its earthen banks, but the fact that it is only half of something.

This is a conjoined ringfort, two separate enclosures built so close together, and so deliberately connected, that they function as a pair. The southern enclosure, the one recorded here, is roughly circular and about 35 metres across. Its defining bank, up to nearly 7 metres wide on the outer face and rising as high as 5 metres in places, survives across most of its circuit, though heavily overgrown. Where the bank gives way to the north, a natural or worked scarp takes over, and a shallow fosse, a defensive ditch, roughly 4 metres wide, marks the boundary between this rath and its northern neighbour. A causeway, almost 5 metres wide, bridges that separation and connects the two enclosures directly.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when defined by earthen banks rather than stone, were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically serving as enclosed farmsteads for a single family and their livestock. What distinguishes this example is that paired or conjoined ringforts are comparatively rare, suggesting a close social or familial relationship between the occupants of the two enclosures, or perhaps a deliberately staged expansion of a single settlement over time. Adding further interest is a possible souterrain in the south-western quadrant of the interior. Souterrains, underground stone-lined passages or chambers, were commonly built within ringforts and used for storage or concealment. The monument has not escaped the pressures of agricultural land use: modern gaps break the bank to the east and south, a field wall curves around part of the exterior, and a silage pit has been constructed close by to the south-east.

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