Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
What makes this site in Ballyglass quietly arresting is not one ringfort but two, joined together and sharing a boundary, a configuration that was never common and is now rarely easy to read on the ground.
The northern of the pair is roughly D-shaped in plan, measuring about 32.5 metres east to west and 28.8 metres north to south, with its straight edge running along the southern side. That straight edge is not a coincidence or a collapse: it is the shared wall between the two enclosures, and the relationship between them is the point.
A rath, in Irish archaeological terms, is an earthen ringfort, typically a circular or near-circular enclosure defined by one or more banks and ditches, used as a farmstead during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. This one retains a low, degraded bank along its northern and eastern arcs, reaching a maximum external height of about 2.2 metres in places, though much of it has been heavily overgrown and is difficult to follow. Elsewhere the enclosure is marked only by a scarp, a natural or cut slope rather than a built-up bank. A modern field bank has been laid along the outer face of the enclosing element from the west-northwest to the southeast, which complicates any reading of the original earthwork. Between the two raths, from southeast to southwest, a wide shallow fosse, meaning a ditch, separates the two enclosures; it is about 4 metres wide and just over half a metre deep. To the west, the fosse has vanished entirely, though a slight depression of around 10 centimetres, made visible mainly by a change in vegetation colour, traces where it once ran. Two gaps break the bank, one to the northeast and one to the south, and it is the southern gap that is most telling: it opens onto a causeway nearly 5 metres wide, which connects directly to the adjoining southern rath. Beneath the southwest quadrant lies a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage or chamber of the kind often associated with early medieval settlements, used variously for storage, refuge, or both.
The interior is now heavily overgrown, and the northern sector is effectively inaccessible. Outhouses built close to the monument to the southwest have further altered the immediate setting. What survives is fragmentary but legible enough, particularly the causeway and the fosse between the two enclosures, to give a sense of a site that was once deliberately and carefully designed as a paired unit rather than a single standalone enclosure.