Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyglass, Co. Westmeath

In the low-lying pasture of Ballyglass, a roughly circular earthwork sits on a gentle slope with a quiet persistence that most people driving past would never notice.

What marks it out is not size or drama but the oddly complete picture it presents of a settled, defended space that has been slowly losing its edges for well over a thousand years. This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead built predominantly during the Early Medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, when the preferred form of rural settlement was a circular area ringed by one or more earthen banks. Thousands survive across Ireland, many reduced to faint crop marks, but this one in Westmeath retains enough of its anatomy to reward close attention.

The site sits on a south-westerly slope of a low rise, which would have given its original occupants reasonable sightlines to the west and north-west. Two related monuments, an enclosure and another ringfort, lie within two hundred metres to the north-west and south-west respectively, suggesting this small area of undulating pasture was once a focus of concentrated activity. The 1837 Ordnance Survey six-inch map recorded it as a circular earthwork; by the time the revised twenty-five-inch edition was produced in 1913, it was already showing as penannular, meaning the ring was broken, truncated on the south-eastern side by a field boundary. A description made in 1970 gives the clearest physical picture: a circular area roughly twenty-seven metres in diameter, enclosed by an earth and stone bank that, though denuded to the north-east, remains substantial elsewhere, with an overall width of around four and a half metres and an external height of approximately one and a half metres. Fragments of internal stone facing survive at the south-east, south, and south-west to west. Outside the bank, a shallow fosse, the ditch that typically accompanied such banks, is still faintly visible on the south-south-west to west arc. A modern field fence has been built against the outside of the bank on the eastern and southern sides, borrowing the old structure as a convenient boundary in a way that has been quietly altering it over time. The interior rises gently from the perimeter towards the centre, and the whole monument is partially tree-planted, giving it the slightly unkempt, absorbed quality of a place that farmland has long since grown around rather than cleared away.

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