Ringfort (Rath), Ballygullick, Co. Wexford
Co. Wexford |
Ringforts
There is a ringfort in Ballygullick, County Wexford, that you cannot see from the ground.
Walk across the pasture above it and there is nothing to indicate that anything lies beneath; no earthwork, no raised rim, no hollow in the turf. The site survives only as a cropmark, the kind of ghostly impression that appears in aerial photographs when buried ditches cause the vegetation above them to grow and ripen at a slightly different rate from the surrounding soil. Picked out from the air, the outline is quite clear: a circular enclosure roughly 55 metres across, defined by a continuous fosse, which is an old term for a wide ditch, with a smaller ring-ditch of about 15 metres in diameter sitting inside it. A second outer fosse runs along the south-west to north-east edge of the site, suggesting the enclosure was once defended or delineated in layers.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when earthen rather than stone-built, were the most common form of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the twelfth century. Most enclosed a farmstead and the family living there, with the surrounding ditch and bank offering some degree of protection for people and livestock. The Ballygullick example sits on a slight rise in an otherwise low-lying landscape, which would have been a practical choice for drainage and visibility. A field bank running north-east to south-west once crossed the area but had already been removed by the 1970s, erasing one of the few surface features that might have hinted at the presence of something older beneath. Archaeological testing carried out around 70 metres to the south-west produced no material finds, leaving the fort itself unexcavated and its history largely unread.