Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhomin, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhomin, Co. Limerick

A ringfort in County Limerick sits partly defined by ancient earthwork and partly by a dry-stone field wall that farmers built along the eastern edge of a local avenue, the old boundary folded so seamlessly into the working landscape that the two are now almost inseparable.

This is not unusual in Ireland, where ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were enclosed farmsteads typically built between the early medieval period and around the twelfth century, their circular banks marking the domestic territory of a single family or small community. What makes the one at Ballyhomin quietly interesting is how its defences have been absorbed and continued by later hands, the original enclosure completed, in effect, by a completely different construction tradition.

The site sits on a south-facing slope in an area where limestone breaks through the surface, and its roughly circular interior measures approximately 38 metres north to south and 41 metres east to west. The enclosing bank is an earth-and-stone construction, rising to around half a metre on the interior and just under a metre on the exterior, which is a relatively modest profile. Along the northern to south-southwest arc it functions as expected, but between the northeast and north it becomes more scarp-like, where the natural slope of the ground has likely shaped how the earthwork was formed or has since eroded. The best-preserved section runs from the east-northeast around to the south-southwest, where the bank remains flat-topped and around three metres wide. On the eastern side, a dry-stone field wall, standing slightly taller than the bank itself, takes over the enclosing role, running along the edge of what appears to be a local avenue or lane. The interior slopes downward toward the east and is uneven, broken up by protruding limestone outcrops that would have made the ground awkward for any structure built directly on the rock.

The site is in pasture, so access depends on the usual courtesies of approaching farmland, and the ground underfoot is likely rough and uneven owing to those limestone outcrops. The survey notes, compiled by Denis Power and uploaded in August 2011, record a newly erected ESB electricity pole in the southeast quadrant of the interior, a reminder that these sites remain embedded in functioning agricultural land rather than preserved in any formal sense. Visitors looking carefully will be able to distinguish the older earthen bank from the later dry-stone wall by the difference in their materials and construction, though the two now read as a single enclosure from a distance.

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