Ringfort (Rath), Ballyhoolahan, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A ring of mature trees rising from otherwise open pasture is often the first sign that something older lies beneath the field.
At Ballyhoolahan in County Limerick, a double-banked ringfort sits in undulating farmland, its earthworks quietly intact beneath the canopy. Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, are among the most common ancient monuments in Ireland, typically dating from the early medieval period and serving as enclosed farmsteads for a family and their livestock. What makes this one worth a closer look is the survival of its concentric structure: two earthen banks separated by a fosse, which is simply a defensive ditch cut between the ramparts, a feature that placed such enclosures in a more substantial class than the single-banked examples that make up the majority of surviving sites.
The fort is roughly circular, measuring 28 metres north to south and 27 metres east to west. The inner bank stands up to 2.75 metres on its outer face, and the fosse between the two banks is about 3 metres wide. The outer bank is lower, reaching 1.5 metres on its inner face and 0.8 metres externally. Both banks are covered by mature trees, which have helped preserve the earthworks by discouraging ploughing but have also made the site harder to read at ground level. At the north-northeast, there is a deliberate gap in the banks, 1.25 metres wide, with a causeway crossing the fosse, almost certainly the original entrance point. The outer bank in this general direction has been overlain or replaced by a later field boundary, which is a common fate for ancient earthworks absorbed gradually into a working agricultural landscape. The interior is level and partially overgrown with bushes. The site was compiled and recorded by Denis Power, with notes uploaded in August 2011.
The fort sits in ordinary working pasture, so access will depend on the landowner's consent, as is the case with most ringforts on private land in Ireland. The tree cover means the earthworks are visible year-round, but the interior scrub is likely easiest to negotiate in late winter or early spring before growth thickens. Coming in from the north-northeast, the causeway and entrance gap give the clearest sense of how the original occupants would have passed between the outer and inner enclosures. The fosse, even partially silted, retains enough depth to suggest the real effort that went into construction, and the difference in scale between the inner and outer banks rewards a slow circuit of the whole perimeter.