Ringfort (Rath), Ballynash, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynash, Co. Limerick

What makes this particular earthwork worth a second look is not the circular enclosure itself, which follows a fairly standard early medieval form, but the rectangular feature attached to its western side.

Most ringforts, known in Irish as raths, are essentially circular farmsteads of the early medieval period, comprising a raised interior platform surrounded by one or more earthen banks and ditches. This one in Ballynash, Co. Limerick, has something extra: a scarped edge, that is, a deliberately cut and levelled terrace, extends outward from the western bank for nearly twelve metres before turning at a right angle southward and continuing for a further seventeen metres, where it meets an existing field boundary. The result is a raised rectangular annex sitting alongside the circular enclosure, an unusual combination that sets this site apart from the general run of similar monuments in the region.

The site sits in rough pasture and marsh ground, on the south-western side of a stream, which is a typical enough setting for this class of monument; early farmers often chose slightly elevated positions near water sources. The main enclosure measures approximately twenty-five metres in diameter, enclosed by an earth-and-stone bank that rises about a metre on the interior and a metre and a half on the exterior, with an external fosse, or ditch, running from the south-west around to the south-east. That fosse is roughly two and a half metres wide and just under half a metre deep, modest by some standards but still clearly defined. The record was compiled by Denis Power and uploaded in August 2011, though the monument itself is considerably older, almost certainly dating to the early medieval period, broadly the fifth to twelfth centuries, when ringforts were the dominant form of rural settlement across Ireland.

Access is not straightforward. The interior of the enclosure and its surrounding bank are heavily overgrown, and the wider setting of marsh and rough pasture means the ground underfoot can be unreliable, particularly after wet weather. The enclosing bank is abutted by modern field boundaries on the south-west, south-east, and northern sides, so the agricultural landscape has grown up tightly around the monument. The rectangular annex to the west is the detail most worth seeking out; its scarped edge is low, only about half a metre high, but once you understand what you are looking at, the right-angled geometry of it reads clearly against the surrounding ground. Visiting in late summer or early autumn, when vegetation has peaked but before it collapses into winter, gives the best chance of making sense of the earthworks without disappearing entirely into the undergrowth.

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