Ringfort (Rath), Ballynoe, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballynoe, Co. Limerick

Most early medieval enclosures in Ireland occupy elevated ground, commanding views across farmland or bog.

The rath at Ballynoe, Co. Limerick does neither. It sits in level pasture, quietly geometric, a circular earthwork roughly thirty metres across that betrays almost nothing of its presence until you are practically on top of it.

A rath, to use the Irish term, is a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval settlement monument in the country, typically dating from somewhere between the sixth and tenth centuries. What makes the Ballynoe example structurally noteworthy is its doubled defences. Rather than a single enclosing bank, it has two concentric earthen banks, one inside the other, with a fosse, essentially a ditch dug for defensive or drainage purposes, running between them and another along the outer edge. The intervening fosse measures about 1.8 metres wide, while the external fosse is recorded at 0.4 metres deep and 1.4 metres wide. The inner bank stands about a metre high on its exterior face; the outer bank rises to 1.4 metres on its interior side. A ringfort with this kind of doubled-bank arrangement is sometimes described as a bivallate rath, a form generally associated with households of somewhat higher social standing than the single-banked variety. The site was recorded and compiled by Denis Power, with details uploaded in August 2011.

Access to the site requires some patience. Both earthen banks are heavily overgrown, and the interior is similarly covered in dense vegetation, meaning the underlying structure is more easily read from a slight distance than from within. The flatness of the surrounding pasture actually helps here; standing back, the two concentric ridges become legible against the level ground in a way they would not on a slope. There is no formal visitor infrastructure, and the site sits on agricultural land, so enquiring locally before approaching is advisable. Early spring, before growth thickens further, is likely to give the clearest sense of the earthwork's double-ring profile.

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Pete F
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