Ringfort (Rath), Ballyvirrane, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Ballyvirrane, Co. Kerry

In the pastureland of Ballyvirrane, on a south-facing slope in County Kerry, sits a rath that appears to have quietly shrunk.

The two oldest large-scale maps of Ireland tell a curious story about this enclosure: by the time surveyors returned to record it in 1895, it had lost roughly ten metres of diameter compared to the measurement taken just under half a century earlier.

A rath is an early medieval ringfort, typically a circular earthen bank enclosing a farmstead or high-status residence, and this one was recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1846 as a large circular enclosure of approximately 55 metres across. By 1895, the same feature appeared rather smaller, at around 45 metres, and the later map also noted an outer bank or fosse, a defensive ditch, running along its north-eastern arc. Whether that outer feature was newly visible by 1895 or simply better recorded is impossible to say, but the discrepancy in diameter between the two surveys is the kind of detail that quietly suggests a century and a half of agricultural pressure on the earthworks. Raths across Ireland have suffered considerably from ploughing and land improvement, and a ten-metre reduction in apparent diameter is consistent with gradual erosion or encroachment.

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Pete F
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