Ringfort (Rath), Ballyvogue, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Ringforts
A small concrete-block shed sits in the north-west corner of an early medieval enclosure in County Limerick, and somehow that incongruity tells you everything about how Ireland's ringforts have fared across the centuries.
The shed is disused now, but its presence inside a structure that was already old when the Normans arrived is the kind of quiet collision of eras that makes these sites so absorbing. The earthen bank still rings most of the enclosure, and the whole thing sits on the brow of a low hill in a paddock just east of a farm passage, easy to overlook and rarely visited.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were the standard form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They functioned as enclosed farmsteads, the bank and surrounding fosse (a ditch dug around the outside of the bank) providing a degree of protection for a family and their livestock rather than serving any serious military purpose. The Ballyvogue example is roughly circular, measuring about 28.5 metres north to south and 31.5 metres east to west. Its bank survives to an internal height of 1.6 metres and an external height of 2.4 metres along its best-preserved arc, running from the west-south-west around to the north-east. The north-east to south-east section has been worn down considerably, reduced to a scarped edge less than a metre high, the result of cattle using that stretch as a crossing point into the interior over many generations. There is a dip in the bank at the south-west and a gap at the west-north-west, and a faint counterscarp bank, a secondary, lower ridge on the outside of the fosse, survives along part of the western arc. A field wall has been built along the outer edge of the fosse between the south-west and north-west. The site was surveyed by Denis Power and recorded in the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, with aerial photographs taken in March 2006.
The interior slopes gently downward toward the east and is now covered by mature ash trees, which give the enclosure a shaded, enclosed quality that the original inhabitants would not have recognised at all. Accessing the site means passing through working farmland, so permission from the landowner would be the sensible first step. Once inside, the bank is most legible along the western and northern arc, where the full height of the earthwork can be appreciated. The worn section to the north-east shows clearly how agricultural use over centuries reshapes even substantial earthworks. The fosse, while shallow at around 0.4 metres deep, remains visible for much of its circuit.