Ringfort (Rath), Bohola, Co. Mayo
Co. Mayo |
Ringforts
A modern road clips one edge of this early medieval enclosure near Bohola, County Mayo, shearing the south-western arc of its bank into a clean vertical scarp.
That collision between old earthwork and new tarmac neatly captures the quiet indignity that many Irish ringforts have suffered over the centuries, gradually nibbled at by field improvements, roads, and the ordinary business of farming.
A ringfort, or rath, was typically a circular or near-circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and ditch, used as a defended farmstead during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. This example near Bohola sits on a low ridge in rush-grown, damp pasture, with extensive views across the surrounding land, which would have made it a sensible spot for a family farmstead to keep watch over livestock and approach routes. The enclosure is subcircular in plan, measuring roughly 39.5 metres north to south and 35.7 metres east to west, and is defined by a bank that still stands to an external height of around 1.3 to 1.5 metres on its northern and southern sides. Internally it is much lower, only 0.25 to 0.4 metres, with the inner lip reduced almost to a scarp in places, particularly along the eastern arc. The external face appears to have been cut to the vertical at some point in the modern era. Hawthorn, blackthorn, gorse, and brambles grow thickly around the bank, as they do on many such earthworks where the scrub has been left undisturbed for generations. A five-metre break in the eastern bank may mark the position of the original entrance, which commonly faced east in ringfort construction.
Inside, the ground slopes gently downward towards the east, and a field fence with an accompanying ditch now crosses the interior on an east to west axis, dividing the enclosed space in two. It is a reminder that for most of the past several centuries, this was simply a field like any other, its origins largely unconsidered by the farmers who worked around it.