Ringfort (Rath), Breaghwy, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Breaghwy, Co. Mayo

What survives of this ringfort at Breaghwy, in County Mayo, is less than a quarter of what once existed, and the boundary between survival and loss runs literally through the middle of it.

A modern field fence on an east-west axis marks the dividing line: to the north of it, a low earthen bank curves in a D-shape across the pasture; to the south, the remaining two-thirds of the original enclosure was levelled sometime in the early twentieth century and has left no trace at ground level whatsoever. The effect is quietly disorienting. The fence does not follow the monument; the monument simply stops at the fence, as though the past were something that could be partitioned off.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when formed from earthen banks rather than stone, were enclosed farmsteads typically built during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They served as the basic unit of rural settlement across Ireland for several hundred years, and tens of thousands once dotted the landscape. The one at Breaghwy sat on a gentle west-facing slope with open views across a flat stretch of mixed pasture and bog, a position typical of the type. The 1838 Ordnance Survey six-inch map shows it as a complete circular enclosure; by the 1930 edition, it had already been reduced to a semicircle with a diameter of roughly 25 metres, its western arc gone. What survives today is a D-shaped remnant measuring about 23 metres east to west and 6.5 metres north to south, with an earthen bank roughly 2.9 metres wide and only about half a metre high at its tallest. Three eroded breaks interrupt the bank, each between 1.6 and 2 metres wide, and a shallow depression outside the bank at the northwest appears to be some kind of disturbance rather than the remains of a fosse, the encircling ditch that often accompanied such structures.

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Pete F
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