Ringfort (Rath), Brittas, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a low but conspicuous hillock in the undulating pasture of County Westmeath, there sits an early medieval enclosure that has been quietly deteriorating into the landscape for well over a thousand years.
What makes it worth pausing over is less its grandeur than its legibility: even in its worn state, the outline of a working settlement is still readable in the ground.
A rath is an earthen ringfort, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside, typically built between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries as an enclosed farmstead for a single family or small community. The bank and external fosse, a ditch dug around the outside of the enclosure to reinforce the bank above it, defined the boundary and offered a degree of protection for people and livestock. When this particular example was formally described in 1971, it measured approximately 27.8 metres north-northeast to south-southwest and 25.5 metres west-northwest to east-southeast, giving it an oval footprint. The enclosing bank survives in places, though along its western and northwestern arc it has been partly replaced or absorbed by a modern stone wall, a common fate for ancient earthworks in agricultural land. Traces of the original fosse remain visible on the southern and north-northwestern sides. A gap on the east-northeastern side, around four metres wide at the top and narrowing to roughly 1.5 metres at the base, is thought to represent the original entrance. Inside, the ground slopes gently westward, and faint parallel ridges running northeast to southwest suggest that the interior was at some point cultivated, a detail that hints at continuous agricultural use long after whatever household first raised the bank had gone.