Ringfort (Rath), Bunavan, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bunavan, Co. Galway

In the undulating pastureland of Bunavan, a double-banked ringfort has been quietly absorbed into the working landscape around it.

The outer bank has been incorporated into a curving townland boundary along part of its circuit, a modern administrative line that now traces the outline of something far older. A townland boundary also cuts straight across the interior, dividing the enclosed space in a way its original occupants could not have anticipated. A cattle-feeding pen sits just to the south-east. The rath, in other words, has not been preserved so much as survived, folded into the agricultural routines of the land.

A rath is an earthen ringfort, the most common monument type in the Irish countryside, typically dating from the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, and thought to have served as a defended farmstead for a single family or small community. This particular example is almost circular, measuring 27 metres on its north-east to south-west axis and 26.5 metres from north-west to south-east. It is defined by two earthen banks with an intervening fosse, the fosse being the cut ditch between them, which would once have added considerably to the defensive effect of the whole. The inner bank survives best on its western and northern arc, though it has been reduced to a mere scarp along its eastern and southern stretches. The outer bank has been dug into at several points, and levelled entirely along one section, though where it stands it reaches an internal height of 1.2 metres. Fragments of external stone-facing remain visible on the south-eastern portion, suggesting the structure was originally faced with dry stone to consolidate the earthwork. Both banks are now heavily overgrown with hazel and hawthorn. A shallow depression marks where the fosse once ran, filled in along one section, still legible along another. Gaps in both banks at the south-east, measuring 5.5 metres and 4.5 metres respectively, may correspond to the original entrance, which in ringforts is typically positioned to face the rising sun.

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Pete F
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