Ringfort (Rath), Bunnasillagh, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
On a gentle but deliberate rise in the rolling grassland of north County Galway, an oval earthwork sits quietly in a landscape that has been farmed around it for centuries without entirely swallowing it.
This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the type of enclosed settlement that was built in its thousands across Ireland during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most were homesteads, the farmsteads of farming families who encircled their houses and livestock within a raised earthen bank for security and status alike.
This particular example measures roughly 36 metres on its north-to-south axis and 25 metres east to west, giving it a slightly compressed oval shape. It is defined by two banks with a fosse between them, a fosse being a ditch dug to provide the material for the banks and to add an extra barrier to anyone approaching. The earthworks are described as denuded, meaning they have been worn down considerably over time, likely through centuries of grazing and general agricultural pressure. What survives is most legible on the western and northern sides, where both the outer bank and the fosse between the two rings of earth remain visible to the eye. The southern and eastern portions have faded further into the ground, their profiles softened almost to nothing.
The site occupies a prominent position on its rise, which would have made practical sense to whoever chose to build here. A clear view of the surrounding terrain was as useful to an early medieval farmer managing livestock as it was to anyone concerned with who might be approaching across the fields. That logic, so old it has become part of the landscape itself, is still readable in the way the earthwork sits on its modest hill.