Ringfort (Rath), Bunown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
In the poorly drained ground at the western edge of a Westmeath forestry plantation, a roughly pear-shaped earthwork sits largely unexamined, its interior smothered in dense vegetation.
What makes it quietly peculiar is not just its obscurity but its layered identity: it may have begun life as a ringfort, the circular or sub-circular enclosed farmstead that was the standard unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, only to be absorbed centuries later into the designed landscape of a nearby estate, repackaged as an ornamental tree-ring, and then pressed into service beside an industrial lime kiln.
When the site was described in 1978, surveyors recorded a sub-circular enclosure measuring approximately 64 metres north-west to south-east and 59 metres north-east to south-west, defined by a wide, low bank of earth and stone and an external fosse, the ditch that typically runs around the outside of such an enclosure. The interior holds a number of house sites and internal banks. None of the Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, across any of their editions, identified it as an antiquity. By the time the 1837 OS six-inch map was drawn, it appeared simply as a tree-ring, a circular plantation of trees used as a landscape feature, associated with the demesne of Ladywell House, which stands roughly 490 metres to the west. The field in which it sat was labelled, straightforwardly enough, Limekiln Park. A lime kiln, a small industrial structure used to burn limestone into quicklime for agricultural and building use, is shown on the 1911 OS twenty-five-inch map just 90 metres to the east of the enclosure. The house sites and internal earthworks within the enclosure may not be early medieval at all; they could instead be the physical remains of activity connected to that post-1700 kiln operation, added long after whatever original function the enclosure served had been forgotten.
The site remains effectively inaccessible. The combination of dense vegetation, poorly drained ground, and its position at the edge of commercial forestry means the interior has not been properly examined. The enclosure's true character, whether ringfort, industrial yard, estate ornament, or some accumulated combination of all three, remains unresolved.