Ringfort (Rath), Bunown, Co. Westmeath

Co. Westmeath |

Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Bunown, Co. Westmeath

In a field in County Westmeath, a low oval earthwork sits on a gentle rise in the pasture, its origins quietly disputed.

It measures roughly 40.7 metres north to south and 33 metres east to west, enclosed by what was once a bank and an external fosse, the term for a surrounding ditch. Both have been largely worn down to a scarp, a slope rather than a defined edge, and no entrance can be made out. Modern fences cut across the site at several points. What makes this enclosure particularly curious is the uncertainty around what, exactly, it became after its original life ended.

The site was documented in 1971 as a probable ringfort, the circular or oval enclosed farmsteads built throughout Ireland from roughly the early medieval period, though many date earlier or later. What complicates the picture here is that at some point after 1700, the enclosure appears to have been reworked into a tree-ring, a planted grove of trees shaped by or around an existing earthwork, a practice used by landowners to ornament fields or mark boundaries. When the Ordnance Survey mapped the area in 1837, no ancient monument was recorded; instead, the spot appears as an irregular grove of trees on the western boundary of a large field labelled "Limekiln Park", named for the kind of stone-burning structure once common across rural Ireland for producing agricultural lime. The enclosure never appeared as an antiquity on any edition of the OS six-inch maps, which may explain why it slipped so thoroughly out of notice. Today, the interior of the earthwork rises slightly from the edges toward the centre, and the ground is pitted with large depressions that are thought to be the hollows left by trees long since uprooted. Aerial photographs show the outline of the enclosure still legible from above, bisected by a later field boundary, its shape preserved in the soil even as the trees and the bank that once defined it have largely disappeared.

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