Ringfort (Rath), Carn, Co. Mayo

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Ringfort (Rath), Carn, Co. Mayo

At the north-western corner of a pasture field near Carn, Co. Mayo, an early medieval ringfort sits almost entirely swallowed by blackthorn, hawthorn, and hazel.

A rath, as this type of monument is known, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by earthen banks and ditches, built during the early medieval period as a farmstead and a statement of status. This one occupies the top of a ridge with widespread views in most directions, which would have made good sense to whoever chose the spot. Immediately to the west, a commercial quarry now presses against it, and the upcast from that operation has buried and obscured much of the outer bank along the western arc.

The structure is more substantial than its overgrown appearance suggests. A roughly circular raised interior, somewhere between 35 and 40 metres in diameter, is defined by an earthen scarp that stands 1.3 metres high on the north side and rises to 1.8 metres at the south. That scarp is topped by a drystone wall, parts of which survive well, particularly along the south-eastern to southern arc, where it reaches about 1.4 metres on the interior face. Elsewhere the wall has collapsed into a spread of medium to large stones. Beyond the scarp lies a fosse, the defensive ditch that would have ringed the enclosure, around 3.4 metres wide, and beyond that an external bank. One of the more curious details is what the 1930 Ordnance Survey six-inch maps reveal: a trackway flanked by field walls once ran north-east and south-west from the rath, and its western route appears to have run directly along the fosse, suggesting the ditch was pressed into service as a hollow road at some later date. A rough entrance passage survives at the east-south-east, crossing the fosse and aligning a break in the inner bank with a corresponding low point in the outer bank; this may mark where the original entrance once stood. Much of the visible stonework could be secondary, added when the rath was absorbed into a later field system, and later field walls now abut the monument on the north, east, and south-west sides, giving it the layered, compressed quality of a place that every generation has found some use for.

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Pete F
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