Ringfort (Rath), Carrowcastle, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrowcastle, Co. Mayo

A low, roughly circular rise in a Mayo pasture field might not announce itself as anything remarkable, but the earthen bank that traces its perimeter has been holding its shape for well over a thousand years.

This is a rath, the most common form of ringfort found across Ireland, typically built during the early medieval period as a defended farmstead enclosure. The bank here describes a circle roughly twenty-five metres across, still measuring around 3.4 metres wide and standing up to 1.4 metres high on its north-north-east side, though much of it has been worn down to little more than a scarp, a gentle slope of earth where a more pronounced rampart once stood. Two gaps in the bank, one on the west-south-west at about a metre wide and another directly to the west at 1.4 metres, may represent original entrances or simply points where centuries of erosion and land use have taken their toll.

What makes this particular example quietly striking is what has grown over it. The perimeter is now ringed with hawthorn and blackthorn, and the interior is largely consumed by a dense thicket of blackthorn and brambles. This kind of encroachment is not unusual; ringforts across Ireland were long left alone by farmers who regarded them with a degree of superstition, associating them with the fairy mounds of folklore. Whether or not that tradition played any role here, the result is a small, overgrown enclosure that sits in otherwise open pasture on a slight rise, the surrounding undulating ground giving it a modest but perceptible presence. A second possible rath lies around 115 metres to the south, and paired or clustered ringforts are known elsewhere in Ireland, sometimes interpreted as evidence of related family groups farming adjacent land in the same period.

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Pete F
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