Ringfort (Rath), Carrowcrom, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrowcrom, Co. Mayo

On a low rise in the undulating pasture of Carrowcrom, a roughly oval earthwork sits half-swallowed by blackthorn and hawthorn scrub, its inner banks and encircling ditch largely intact but stubbornly resistant to close inspection.

This is a rath, the commonest type of early medieval Irish settlement, typically a circular or near-circular enclosure defined by one or more earthen banks and an intervening ditch, or fosse, that once enclosed a farmstead and its outbuildings. What makes this particular example quietly interesting is the way centuries of continued use and modification have blurred its original form, leaving surveyors with a structure that has clearly had more than one life.

The enclosure measures roughly 20.5 metres north to south and around 23 metres east to west. Its inner bank survives as a scarp, standing about 1.6 metres at the north-east and 1.5 metres at the south-west, with a faint stony lip still visible along parts of the interior edge. The western half of this scarp is notably vertical in profile, which suggests it was reworked at some point in the relatively recent past, perhaps to sharpen a boundary or make the ground more useful for farming. The fosse itself is broad and flat-based, around four metres wide on the north-east to east arc, and slightly narrower to the south-west. On the eastern side, the external bank has an unusual character: rather than forming a clear raised rim, it produces what looks more like a flat terrace, with a low stony interior edge and a gentle external slope dropping away. To the south-west and north-west, the outer bank is more substantial and appears at some stage to have been pressed into service as a field boundary. The northern arc is entirely engulfed in dense growth and could not be assessed at all. The southern side has fared worse still, with both banks and the fosse truncated and levelled, giving way to disturbed stony ground and, just beyond a line of conifers, the garden of a modern house. Within the interior, there is a souterrain in the south-west quadrant, an underground stone-lined passage typically associated with early medieval raths and interpreted variously as a place of refuge, food storage, or both, and evidence of a possible house in the south half of the enclosure.

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