Ringfort (Rath), Carrowmore, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrowmore, Co. Galway

A modern road loops around this ancient earthwork in Carrowmore, County Galway, tracing part of its outer edge as though the tarmac itself acknowledges the older boundary.

That kind of quiet coexistence, a working rural road deferring to a monument perhaps fifteen hundred years old, is one of the more telling signs that something worth attention lies just off the verge.

The site is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, which was a farmstead enclosure typical of the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. Farmers of that era built these circular defended settlements in great numbers across Ireland, surrounding a central living area with one or more earthen banks and a fosse, the ditch dug between the banks. This particular example is unusually large, measuring approximately 75 metres north to south and 65 metres east to west, placing it well above the average for such sites. It sits on a gentle rise above the surrounding low-lying pastureland, a characteristic positioning that would have provided both drainage and visibility. Two banks originally enclosed the interior, with a fosse running between them. Today the inner bank survives from the north around through the east to the west, while a natural or man-made scarp takes over the enclosing role from the west to the north-west. The fosse is still legible around the southern half of the monument, and the outer bank remains only from the south around to the west-north-west. A gap of about nine metres at the west-north-west may represent the original entrance, which in ringforts was typically just wide enough to admit livestock.

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