Ringfort (Rath), Carrownacon, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Carrownacon, Co. Mayo

What survives of this early medieval enclosure at Carrownacon is, in practical terms, almost nothing you could point to.

The earthworks have been so thoroughly levelled by centuries of agricultural use that the site barely registers at ground level, and it went unrecorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch maps altogether. Yet the underlying geometry persists. A roughly circular area, approximately 37 metres east to west and 34 metres north to south, can still be traced as a broad, low undulation across the northern half of the site. The fosse, the defensive ditch that would once have rung the enclosure, shows as a very shallow depression to the west and north-east, and a possible original entrance gap of four to five metres remains discernible on the south-east side of the inner bank.

The site is a bivallate rath, meaning it was originally defined by two concentric banks and ditches rather than the single circuit more commonly encountered. A rath, broadly speaking, is a ringfort of earthen construction, the kind of enclosed farmstead that was the dominant settlement form in Ireland during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. This one sits on a gentle east-facing slope on elevated ground bordering the south-west side of Carrownacon Lough, with the ground falling away towards a strip of level land at the lake's edge, an area that was probably under water when lake levels were higher. An eighteenth-century house stands fifty metres to the west. Rectilinear field boundaries, now also levelled, are visible to the south and north-east; these appear to post-date the rath, suggesting the landscape around it was reorganised in a later agricultural period. What makes the wider setting particularly notable is the density of early settlement evidence compressed into a small area: a second rath lies 330 metres to the south-east, and two crannogs, the artificial or partially artificial lake islands used as defended homesteads, sit within 330 metres to the north and north-east along the shores and waters of Carrownacon Lough.

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