Ringfort (Rath), Clonickilvant, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a low but distinct rise in the undulating pastureland of County Westmeath, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in the fields near Clonickilvant.
What gives it an edge over many similar monuments is how much of its original structure has survived. The enclosing bank remains high and steep on its outer face, even if the inner side has worn down closer to a scarp, and the entrance arrangement at the south-south-east is still legible: a deliberate gap in the bank, carefully causewayed, with a corresponding ramp crossing the outer ditch.
This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a class of enclosed settlement built primarily during the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Thousands were constructed across Ireland, typically as farmsteads for a single family and their livestock, defined by one or more earthen banks and a surrounding fosse, the ditch from which the bank material was dug. At Clonickilvant, the fosse is described as wide and shallow, and the enclosure itself measures approximately 35 metres north-west to south-east and 34 metres north-east to south-west, making it a fairly typical example in terms of scale. The site appeared on the revised Ordnance Survey 25-inch map published in 1913, and a ground description from 1970 recorded the causewayed entrance gap as just under 2.5 metres wide at its base, with the ramp across the fosse reaching roughly 1.1 metres in height. A second ringfort lies about 90 metres to the west, which is not unusual in this part of the midlands, where clusters of such monuments reflect dense early medieval settlement. Inside the enclosure, faint traces of cultivation ridges run roughly west-north-west to east-south-east, suggesting the interior was worked as farmland at some point after the ringfort's active use, a common fate for these monuments once their original function lapsed.
The site sits on its rise in open pasture, and the bank's exterior face remains well defined, giving a clear sense of how the enclosure would have presented itself to anyone approaching across the surrounding ground. A modern disturbance gap on the western side is the most visible sign that the monument has not been entirely untouched, but it does not significantly undermine what is otherwise a well-preserved example of a very common, yet consistently instructive, type of early Irish settlement.