Ringfort (Rath), Cloonawillin, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cloonawillin, Co. Mayo

Beneath a grazed field in Cloonawillin, County Mayo, a ringfort has effectively ceased to exist above ground.

There are no earthworks to trace, no raised banks to suggest the circular or oval enclosures that once characterised these early medieval farmsteads, and nothing at ground level to indicate that anything of significance ever occupied this slightly elevated spot. The site survives only as a cartographic memory.

A rath, to use the Irish term, was typically a circular embanked enclosure surrounding a farmstead, built during the early medieval period and common across Ireland in their thousands. This one, however, is an ambiguous case. It does not appear at all on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1838, which suggests it was either already reduced or considered too slight to record. By the 1922 edition it had been mapped, shown as a D-shaped hachured enclosure, meaning the draughtsman used short lines to indicate a raised or sloped earthwork, roughly twenty metres across in both directions. The straight edge of the D ran along the south-west, where a field boundary formed a natural border. At some point between that mapping and the present, whatever earthwork remained was levelled entirely. To the east, the ground falls gradually for around 120 metres towards a north-south drain or canalised stream that marks the townland boundary, a modest but telling detail about how this landscape was managed and reshaped over generations.

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Pete F
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