Ringfort (Rath), Clooneen, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Clooneen, Co. Mayo

A modern field fence runs directly through part of the earthen bank at Clooneen, slicing into a boundary that was already old when the Normans arrived in Connacht.

That kind of casual overlap, a ringfort pressed into service as a property line, is quietly common across Ireland, but it tells you something about how these structures have been absorbed into the working landscape over centuries rather than preserved apart from it.

A rath, as ringforts of this type are generally known, is a roughly circular enclosure defined by an earthen bank and, sometimes, a ditch, built predominantly during the early medieval period, broadly from around the fifth to the twelfth century. They served as enclosed farmsteads, protecting a household and its livestock. The example at Clooneen sits on a gentle rise in mixed pasture and wetland, with the Gweestion River lying about 150 metres to the east, a proximity to water that would have suited a farming settlement well. The platform itself is nearly circular, measuring about 29 metres north to south and just over 32 metres east to west, defined by an earthen scarp that still stands between 1.4 and 2.3 metres in height depending on which side you measure. The northern arc is the tallest and best-preserved, while sections to the north-west have been dug away entirely. At the south-west, the bank has been cut back sharply to a vertical face, and large stones are now visible within it. Hawthorn bushes, densest along the southern and western edges, ring the scarp throughout, and a heap of field clearance stones has been stacked against the bank on the western side. Inside, the ground is uneven, with a notable drop in the south-eastern quadrant. An oblong depression running roughly nine and a half metres through the interior is thought to be the result of modern disturbance rather than any original feature of the site.

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