Ringfort (Rath), Cloonlahan, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In the low-lying grassland of Cloonlahan in County Galway, a largely invisible enclosure quietly holds two kinds of the past at once.
What survives of this early medieval rath, a roughly circular earthwork around 33.5 metres in diameter, amounts to little more than suggestion: two banks with an intervening fosse, which is the ditch dug between them to reinforce the boundary, can be traced across part of the circuit, but from the north-east through the east to the south-west, the enclosing elements have vanished entirely from the surface. What remains is less a monument than an outline, a partial parenthesis in the ground.
Raths of this kind were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically enclosing a farmstead and its associated buildings. Most were built and occupied between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries, though many were later adapted, demolished, or simply absorbed into farmland over the centuries. This one has suffered considerably from that kind of attrition. More striking than the earthwork itself, however, is what occupies its interior. Tucked into the north-western quadrant is a children's burial ground, known in Irish tradition as a cillín. These were informal burial sites, often located in liminal or already sacred spaces, used for unbaptised infants and others excluded from consecrated ground by church law. The fact that one sits inside the remnant circuit of the rath points to the way communities across many centuries have continued to recognise, and find use for, places already set apart from ordinary land.