Ringfort (Rath), Cloonruff, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cloonruff, Co. Galway

In the reclaimed grassland of Cloonruff in County Galway, there is a ringfort that can no longer be seen.

No earthwork rises above the surface, no bank or ditch breaks the line of the field. The site survives only as a mark on Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, where it appears as a circular enclosure roughly thirty metres in diameter, a ghost of a boundary that farming has long since absorbed into the surrounding land.

Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when formed from earthen banks and ditches, were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically used as enclosed farmsteads between around the fifth and twelfth centuries. Tens of thousands once existed across the country, and many have been lost in exactly this way, their low earthen profiles gradually levelled by repeated ploughing, drainage schemes, and land improvement over the centuries. The reclamation of boggy or marginal ground, which reshaped much of the west of Ireland from the eighteenth century onwards, was particularly effective at erasing such features. What the OS six-inch mapping captured, surveyed across Ireland during the nineteenth century, was often already a fading impression, and in many cases those cartographic traces are all that remain.

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