Ringfort (Rath), Coumduff, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Coumduff, Co. Kerry

On the lower southern slopes of Knockmulanane, overlooking the Anascaul valley in County Kerry, a ringfort sits so thoroughly reclaimed by vegetation that its most unusual feature can barely be seen.

A stone-faced recess, roughly 2.75 metres wide and 1.5 metres deep, is cut into the outer face of the northern bank, and nobody is quite sure what it was for. That kind of quiet uncertainty, a deliberate-looking structure with no obvious explanation, is part of what makes this particular site worth attention.

A rath is a ringfort of earthen construction, typically encircled by one or more banks and ditches, and used in early medieval Ireland as a defended farmstead. This one is univallate, meaning it has a single enclosing bank, and measures roughly 26 metres east to west and 24 metres north to south. The fosse, the defensive ditch outside the bank, reaches up to 2 metres deep below external ground level and 2.75 metres below the crest of the bank. On the eastern side, the fosse gives way entirely to a natural stream gully, which the builders evidently incorporated into the defensive circuit rather than duplicating it. This kind of practical adaptation, using the landscape rather than working against it, is characteristic of ringfort construction across Ireland. On the southern side, where the ground falls away downhill, there is no bank at all; instead, the raised interior simply drops away as a 2.75 metre scarp, the height of the interior above the surrounding slope doing the defensive work instead. The causewayed entrance, a gap left in the bank with the ditch bridged across it, faces south-south-west and is only 1.5 metres wide; it may be stone-lined, though dense vegetation has prevented close inspection. There is also a 7 metre gap in the northern bank where the fosse meets the stream gorge, though this is considered unlikely to be an original entrance. The site was documented by J. Cuppage in the 1986 Dingle Peninsula Archaeological Survey.

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