Ringfort (Rath), Creggeen, Co. Kerry
Co. Kerry |
Ringforts
Some archaeological sites announce themselves immediately, with earthworks you can read from a distance or stonework that interrupts a field in an obvious way.
The rath at Creggeen, set on a gentle rise above the valley of the River Roughty in south Kerry, does the opposite. At ground level, the ringfort itself has disappeared into the pasture entirely; you would walk across it without knowing. What gives the site away is something underground: a souterrain, the kind of stone-lined subterranean passage or chamber that early medieval communities built beneath or adjacent to their ringforts, likely for storage or refuge, remains visible where the rath itself does not.
The ringfort was recorded on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1895 as a sub-oval enclosure, roughly thirty metres north to south and twenty-five metres east to west, the sort of modest enclosed farmstead that once formed the basic unit of rural settlement across early medieval Ireland. Raths, as these earthen ringforts are commonly called, were typically defined by one or more circular banks and ditches surrounding a homestead, and tens of thousands of them were built across the country between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. At Creggeen, the earthworks that would have defined that boundary have since been lost to the slow work of agriculture and time, leaving only the cartographic ghost on the Victorian-era map to indicate what once stood here. Approximately seventy metres to the south-east of the rath lies a children's burial ground, a cillín in Irish tradition, where unbaptised infants and others excluded from consecrated ground were interred. The proximity of such a burial ground to a ringfort is not unusual; these liminal sites were often placed near older, already-charged features in the landscape.