Ringfort (Rath), Creggstown, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a low rise in the gently rolling pasture of County Westmeath, a set of earthen banks and ditches traces out an oval roughly the size of a large farmyard.
From a distance it might read as a natural swell in the ground, but the geometry is deliberate, the product of human labour carried out well over a thousand years ago. This is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the most common type of early medieval enclosure in Ireland. Thousands survive across the country, constructed broadly between the fifth and twelfth centuries as enclosed farmsteads for farming families of moderate standing, their banks and ditches marking territory as much as providing defence.
The monument was surveyed in the early 1970s and found to measure approximately 27 metres on its longer north-north-west to south-south-east axis and around 20 metres across. What survives is a classic multivallate arrangement: an inner bank, then a fosse (a dug ditch), and beyond that an outer bank, the whole forming a layered boundary. The inner bank is best preserved along its south-eastern to northern arc, where it still stands as a scarp roughly 1.6 metres high. The fosse remains legible around much of the circuit, as does the outer bank to the north and north-east. At the south-south-east, a gap measuring about 4.5 metres wide at its outer edge and narrowing to 2.2 metres at the base may well be the original entrance, the point through which people and livestock once passed in and out of the enclosed space.
The site sits with good views in all directions, which was almost certainly intentional. Position on a rise allowed those inside to see approaching visitors or animals across the surrounding land. Today the earthwork is visible in aerial photography as a sub-oval impression in the field, the banks softened by centuries of grazing but still legible as a coherent structure to anyone who knows what to look for.