Ringfort (Rath), Culleen More, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
In the gentle pastureland of Culleen More, a ringfort has been cut clean in two by a railway line.
It is not a ruin in the conventional sense; the earthwork itself still reads as a coherent oval on aerial photography, roughly 47.8 metres east to west and 46.5 metres north to south, its scrub-covered banks tracing the ghost of a perimeter that was already ancient when the surveyors arrived. What makes it quietly arresting is the collision of timescales: a monument that was old enough to be annotated simply as "fort" on nineteenth-century maps now has a railway cutting running through its centre, the straight scarped sides of the line rising up to meet the interior on either side.
The ringfort, a circular earthwork enclosure typically dating from the early medieval period in Ireland and often associated with farming settlements or the defended homesteads of local landowners, was already well established in the landscape when Ordnance Survey teams mapped it in 1837, recording it as a circular earthwork on their six-inch series. By the time the revised twenty-five-inch edition appeared in 1913, the railway line running northwest to southeast had already bisected the monument, and both features appear side by side on that sheet with no apparent comment. A description from 1970 found the surviving perimeter largely defined by a modern field bank of earth and stone, probably following the line of the original ringfort bank, which would have been a substantial raised earthen wall enclosing the settlement within. The interior on either side of the railway was by then almost entirely covered with quarry holes, adding a third layer of disturbance to the site. Two further ringforts survive in the immediate vicinity, one approximately 140 metres to the northeast and another around 200 metres to the southeast, suggesting that this part of Westmeath was once a relatively well-settled early medieval landscape, its inhabitants spread across the low rises of this undulating ground.