Ringfort (Rath), Culleens, Co. Sligo
Co. Sligo |
Ringforts
On a north-south ridge in the pastureland of Culleens, a circular earthwork sits quietly in the landscape, its raised profile giving it just enough presence to catch the eye of anyone who knows what to look for.
This is a ringfort, or rath, the type of enclosed farmstead that was the dominant form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of a raised area ringed by one or more earthen banks and ditches. This one measures just over 34 metres across, enclosed by a bank between 3.3 and 4.9 metres wide, with a stone revetment lining its inner face. Outside the bank runs a fosse, a defensive ditch, roughly 3 metres wide and 0.7 metres deep externally. A causeway across the fosse and a partially blocked gap in the bank, still 6 metres wide, mark where the original entrance once stood.
Locally, the site was recorded in the Ordnance Survey Name Books as 'Rath Mic Corcaige', meaning MacCorkey's Rath, a name that attaches a personal identity to the enclosure even if the individual behind it is now lost to the record. Against the inner face of the western bank, there is evidence of a possible house site, which would fit the pattern of a rath used as a defended domestic compound. The earthwork has not been left entirely to itself over the centuries; on its northern and north-western sides, the bank has been absorbed into a later field boundary, and a modern east-west trackway runs over the outer fosse, quietly erasing part of the monument's original form. A separate enclosure lies just 8 metres to the west, suggesting this part of the ridge may have supported more than one phase or element of early occupation.