Ringfort (Rath), Cullentragh, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cullentragh, Co. Mayo

Sitting on a low ridge between two lakes in County Mayo, this rath occupies a quietly deliberate position.

Culleentragh Lough lies roughly 230 metres to the west, Derrykin Lough around 120 metres to the east, and the enclosure itself commands the narrow spine of ground between them. A rath is a ringfort, an enclosed circular or oval settlement of early medieval Ireland typically defined by an earthen bank and ditch, used as a farmstead and homestead by families of some local standing. This one is a broadly oval platform, measuring 44 metres east to west and 49.5 metres north to south, its edge formed not by a conventional bank but by a scarp, essentially a cut face in the earth, which drops away quite steeply on the outside.

What makes this particular example worth attention is the unevenness of that scarp. On the western side it reaches 3.5 metres in height, considerably taller than the southern edge, which barely clears a metre. That disparity is not simply the result of erosion or collapse. A trackway skirts the rath from south around to the northwest, running at 2 metres wide along the southern approach and widening to 4 metres as it passes the western face. The additional height of the scarp on that side is directly connected to the passage of this track, which has effectively deepened the profile there over time. Traces of stone facing survive in places, particularly around the southeast and south, and the stonework flanking what appears to be the original entrance at the south-southeast may be a later addition rather than part of the rath's first construction. The entrance itself is a sloping gap about 2 metres wide, positioned where the scarp is at its lowest. Inside, the ground is largely level, with a slight hollow to the northeast of centre, and the perimeter is edged with hawthorn and sycamore. Several narrow gaps around the scarp have been worn through by farm animals over the years, small indignities of continued agricultural use that have done nothing to diminish the coherence of the overall form.

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