Ringfort (Rath), Curragh More, Co. Westmeath

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Curragh More, Co. Westmeath

A low earthen bank, barely knee-high on its interior face yet rising to a metre and a half on the outside, is not the most dramatic thing to encounter in a Westmeath field.

But that modest profile, sitting on the crown of a gentle rise at Curragh More, is what remains of a ringfort, or rath, a type of enclosed farmstead that was the standard unit of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth century. Thousands survive across the island in varying states of preservation, and this one, unremarkable at first glance, rewards a closer look at the slow, quiet damage that centuries of agriculture can do.

Ordnance Survey mappers recorded the earthwork as an oval shape when they surveyed the area for the six-inch map of 1837, measuring approximately 39 metres north to south and 34 metres east to west. By the time the revised twenty-five-inch edition was produced in 1913, a field boundary had already been driven through the south-western quadrant, cutting across what had been a coherent perimeter. When the monument was formally described in 1970, it was roughly circular, around 35 to 36 metres across, enclosed by a bank with a basal width of 3.2 metres that was still clearly legible on most sides. The south-western arc was another matter: a modern field boundary and ditch had apparently been constructed directly out of the original bank material, cannibalising the archaeology to serve a working farm. No external fosse, the ditch that would normally run around the outside of a rath, was visible, and the original entrance had become unrecognisable. Inside, the ground rises gently towards the centre and carries faint traces of cultivation ridges, evidence that the enclosed area was turned over to tillage at some point, most likely in the post-medieval period.

The site sits in gently undulating pasture and is visible on aerial photography as a tree-lined earthwork, the ring of vegetation that often betrays a rath even when the earthworks themselves have become subdued. That canopy of trees, left unploughed through superstition or simple inconvenience across generations of farming, is frequently what keeps these places legible in the landscape long after the bank and fosse have been reduced to the faintest of swells.

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