Ringfort (Rath), Cush, Co. Limerick

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Cush, Co. Limerick

Seventy metres south of a ravine known locally as Hangman's Glen, on a wet, west-facing slope of the Ballyhoura Mountains, sits the largest and best-preserved of a cluster of twenty-three ancient monuments concentrated on a single hillside.

The site goes by two names that sit uneasily beside each other: its formal designation is a ringfort, a type of circular enclosed settlement built in early medieval Ireland using earthen banks and ditches, while local tradition calls it the 'mote of Parkeenard', a name that carries a faint medieval echo quite separate from its actual origins. That it was never excavated, while most of its neighbours were, gives it an particular quality of preserved ambiguity.

The hillside in question is Slievereagh, an outlying peak of the Ballyhouras in east County Limerick, and the twenty-three monuments spread across it are thought to occupy the 'Supposed Site of Temair Erann', identified by the antiquarian Thomas Johnson Westropp in the early twentieth century as the ancient cemetery of the Ernai tribe. Westropp recorded this ringfort's dimensions carefully: an outer bank 2.75 metres thick, a fosse (the surrounding ditch) 3 metres wide, and an interior enclosure just under 13 metres across. When Seán P. Ó Ríordáin excavated the broader monument group between 1934 and 1935, he left this particular site untouched, noting it had two surviving ramparts with traces of a possible third inner one. That combination of scale and intactness, unusual even within a group full of earthworks, was enough for Ó Ríordáin to single it out as the finest of the Cush earthworks. The site has been protected under a preservation order since 1934, and in 1998 the state purchased the surrounding field and the access route from the public road to the north-west, adding a small car park.

The car park off the public road to the north-west of the site is the practical starting point for a visit. The approach crosses poorly drained ground on a steep slope, so solid footwear is advisable regardless of season. The fort's circular outline is clear from above, as aerial photographs taken as far back as 1971 confirm, and from within the earthworks the commanding views westward over east Limerick give some sense of why this ridge was considered significant across many centuries. Hangman's Glen, the stream ravine to the immediate north, is easy to overlook but worth noting as you pass it; the name itself belongs to whatever accumulated local memory the hillside has not yet given up.

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