Ringfort (Rath), Dunblaney, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Dunblaney, Co. Galway

On a north-facing slope in an otherwise level stretch of grassland in Dunblaney, County Galway, a roughly oval earthwork sits quietly in the landscape, its dimensions modest but its purpose once considerable.

The structure is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, the type of enclosed farmstead that was the dominant form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, broadly from the fifth to the twelfth centuries. Thousands survive across the country in varying degrees of ruin, but this one retains enough of its form to be instructive about how such places were built and how they decay.

The fort is subcircular in plan, measuring roughly 34.5 metres east to west and 30.5 metres north to south. It is defined by two earthen banks with a fosse between them, a fosse being a ditch, in this case separating an inner and outer line of defence. Double-banked examples like this one were likely the homesteads of persons of some local status, the additional bank suggesting either greater wealth or a need for more substantial enclosure than a simple single-banked rath would provide. The inner bank has suffered considerably, breached by numerous gaps along its southern and western arc, though traces of stone-facing survive on the northern side, hinting at original construction that combined earth and dressed or laid stone. The outer bank has fared differently, not through collapse but through absorption: a field wall has been laid directly over it from the north-east to the south-east and again at the west, the agricultural landscape of later centuries quietly cannibalising the earlier one. The entrance, well-defined and orientated to the north-east, is among the more legible features that remain. The site was recorded by Neary in 1914.

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