Ringfort (Rath), Ellagh, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
At the western end of a low ridge in Ellagh, County Galway, a ringfort sits in a condition that tells its own story: roughly a quarter of it has simply been quarried away.
The southwestern to western arc of what was once a substantial oval enclosure is gone, removed at some point by whoever needed the stone and earth more than they needed the monument. What survives is an uneven circuit, partly a bank of earth and stone running from the north-northwest around to the east-southeast, and partly a scarp where the ground simply drops away to mark the old boundary. It is the kind of site that rewards careful looking rather than a first glance.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths, were the most common form of rural settlement in early medieval Ireland, typically enclosing a family farmstead within a raised earthen bank and sometimes a ditch. This example measures roughly 67.7 metres east to west and 42.7 metres north to south, making it a reasonably substantial enclosure. A gap at the east-southeast may represent the original entrance, which would be consistent with the easterly orientation common to many such sites. Inside the bank at the east-northeast, a low rectangular mound, approximately 5.9 metres long and 4.8 metres wide, survives; its function is not recorded, though small internal mounds in ringforts can sometimes indicate the footprint of a structure or a later insertion. Abutting the monument at the northwest is a rectangular annexe running east to west, around 33 metres in length, which is considered a probably later addition. Annexes of this kind were occasionally used for keeping livestock separate from the main domestic enclosure. The ringfort also sits within a wider field system, suggesting that the landscape around it was organised and in agricultural use over a long period.