Ringfort (Rath), Fairfield, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Fairfield, Co. Galway

Beneath the grassland at Fairfield in County Galway, if local memory is to be trusted, there is a cave.

No opening marks the ground. No hollow in the earth gives it away. Yet the tradition persists that within the interior of this early medieval enclosure, a souterrain once existed, one of those narrow stone-lined underground passages that were built into ringforts across Ireland, used perhaps for storage, refuge, or both. Whatever it was, it has left no visible trace on the surface, which is part of what makes this particular site quietly unsettling.

The enclosure itself is known locally as Lios-an-fine, a name that carries real significance. In Irish, lios denotes a ringfort or enclosure of the kind that served as a farmstead during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries. The word fine relates to a kin group or family, suggesting this place may have been understood locally as the enclosure of a particular kindred. The rath is subcircular in shape, measuring roughly 45 metres north to south and approximately 40 metres east to west, and is defined by a scarp and an external fosse, which is a ditch dug around the perimeter. It is poorly preserved. Field banks, the kind of low earthen boundaries accumulated through centuries of agricultural use, cut across the monument at its south-east and south-south-west edges, slicing into what was once a coherent boundary. These are ordinary pressures of working land, but they have fragmented the site considerably.

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