Ringfort (Rath), Falleighter, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Falleighter, Co. Mayo

Sitting on the crest of a ridge in County Mayo, this ringfort commands a wide sweep of countryside to the north and east, which is precisely the point.

Ringforts, sometimes called raths, were the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. The raised, roughly circular platform here measures thirty metres across in both directions, and what makes this one worth a second look is the completeness of its defensive logic: an earthen inner bank, a fosse (a ditch dug to heighten the bank's effective height), and then an outer bank beyond that, the whole arrangement descending sharply to the south where a narrow stream valley drops away below.

The detail preserved in the earthworks is considerable for a site still in agricultural use. The inner bank reaches a height of 1.7 metres on its exterior face at the southern side, where the natural slope of the ridge amplifies it further. The fosse, between three and three and a half metres wide, is most readable on the western and northern arcs; to the south-west it has been partly absorbed into a terrace, its outer edge marked by a scarp that blends into the ridge's own fall. The outer bank, also of earth and stone, survives best on the western and northern sides, where it has been quietly pressed into service as a field fence, the hawthorn and gorse growing along it now as much boundary marker as archaeology. A four-metre gap on the eastern side is the most likely original entrance, with matching breaks in both the fosse and outer bank; the slight outward protrusion at one terminal of this gap suggests the entrance was widened or adjusted at some point in more recent centuries. A narrow secondary break at the south-west, stone-lined on one side and expanding inward to about two metres, is harder to read. At the centre of the interior, which slopes gently southward, there is a small shallow hollow roughly two metres across, and local tradition holds that a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage sometimes used for storage or refuge, may lie beneath the rath.

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