Ringfort (Rath), Farrancallin, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
On a north-facing slope in County Westmeath, in grassland that rises only slightly before settling back into gently undulating countryside, there is a ringfort that has very nearly ceased to exist.
Almost completely levelled, it survives now as little more than a shallow suggestion in the earth, a circular area roughly 32 metres across, still faintly enclosed by a poorly preserved earthen bank and the ghost of an external fosse. A fosse is simply a defensive ditch dug around an enclosure, and here even that has been reduced to the slightest of depressions. At the north-east, a narrow gap about 1.8 metres wide in the scarp may mark where an entrance once stood, though at this level of erasure, certainty is difficult.
Ringforts, known in Irish as raths when they were constructed from earth rather than stone, were the dominant settlement type in early medieval Ireland, typically serving as enclosed farmsteads for a single family and their livestock. Tens of thousands once existed across the country. The one at Farrancallin is an unassuming example of how completely these structures can be absorbed back into the land. A field fence now runs along part of its perimeter, between the east-south-east and the west-south-west, and this same boundary doubles as the townland division between Farrancallin and the neighbouring townland of Sheefin. In other words, an ancient enclosure has quietly become an administrative line, its original purpose long gone but its outline still shaping, in a small way, how the landscape is organised.