Ringfort (Rath), Farrannamoreen, Co. Westmeath
Co. Westmeath |
Ringforts
Part of what makes this ringfort in Farrannamoreen quietly compelling is not any dramatic feature but the near-absence of one.
There is no obvious entrance, no commanding height, no sharply defined earthworks announcing themselves to the eye. What remains is an oval enclosure, roughly 39 metres east to west and 27 metres north to south, sitting on a gentle south-facing slope in County Westmeath, with open views to the north, east, and south, and rising ground closing things off to the west. The earthworks themselves have softened considerably over time, the inner bank reduced almost to a mere scarp, a slight change in gradient rather than anything wall-like, while the intervening fosse, the defensive ditch that would once have separated the two banks, is now wide and shallow. Inside, the ground is uneven in a vague, unhurried way, marked by low rises and wide shallow depressions whose original purpose is no longer readable from the surface.
This is a bivallate ringfort, meaning it was originally defined by two concentric banks with a ditch between them, a form associated in Ireland with early medieval settlement, roughly the period from the fifth to the twelfth century. Such enclosures typically served as farmsteads, the multiple banks perhaps indicating a household of higher social standing, or simply providing additional security for livestock. The Farrannamoreen example was recorded and described on two separate occasions, in 1971 and again in 1976, by which point the outer bank at the south and west had already been overlain by a post-1700 field bank, the kind of boundary feature that accumulated quietly across Irish farmland as landholding patterns shifted in the post-medieval period. That later bank effectively absorbed part of the ancient earthwork, making the two difficult to distinguish in places. More unusually still, the enclosing arc of the monument from the south-south-east around through south and west to north-north-west now functions as the townland boundary with Farrannamoreen itself, the prehistoric earthwork quietly pressed into administrative service across the centuries.