Ringfort (Rath), Formoyle, Co. Sligo

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Formoyle, Co. Sligo

In a field of gently undulating pasture in Formoyle, County Sligo, a low circular earthwork sits quietly beside a stream, its original purpose long since superseded by grazing land.

What makes this particular rath, or ringfort, worth a second look is not its scale but a small structural detail: the outer face of its enclosing bank has been lined with drystone rubble walling, a technique known as revetment, in which loose stone is stacked against a surface to shore it up and hold its shape. Ringforts are among the most common archaeological monuments in Ireland, with tens of thousands surviving across the country, most dating from the early medieval period roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. They served as enclosed farmsteads, the raised bank and its facing wall marking the boundary of a household and its livestock rather than a fortification in any military sense.

This example is modest by most measures: a raised circular area roughly 26 metres in diameter, enclosed by a bank of earth and stone approximately four metres wide. Unusually, there is no fosse, the external ditch that typically accompanies such monuments, visible at ground level. The drystone revetment survives on the vertical exterior face on all sides, though livestock have eroded the bank itself along the north-north-east to east-south-east arc, leaving the outer stonework standing free of the earthen body behind it in a way that was never intended. A 2-metre break in the bank on the north-north-east side, with a ramp running to the exterior, marks what is believed to be the original entrance. A second, wider break on the south-west side is a modern addition, almost certainly made for the same cattle now responsible for much of the erosion.

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