Ringfort (Rath), Fortyacres, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In a level Galway field with the unremarkable name of Fortyacres, a roughly circular earthwork sits in the grass, easy to walk past and easier still to misread as a natural rise in the ground.
What it actually represents is the remains of an early medieval farmstead, a rath, the kind of enclosed settlement that once dotted the Irish countryside in its thousands. This one is poorly preserved, but its essential shape is still legible: an oval measuring roughly 32.5 metres north to south and 27.5 metres east to west, defined by a low bank and an external fosse, which is simply a ditch dug around the outside to reinforce the boundary. The fosse survives along the southern, western, and northern arcs, though it has faded elsewhere.
Raths were typically the homes of farming families during the early medieval period, roughly the fifth to twelfth centuries, enclosed for the practical purposes of managing livestock and marking out a household's territory. What makes this particular example slightly more than a worn earthwork is what lies inside it: a souterrain, recorded separately and known in the inventory shorthand as a CBG, a stone-lined underground passage or chamber that would have served for storage or as a place of refuge. Souterrains are a fairly common companion to ringforts in Ireland, but their presence always adds a layer of interest; they were carefully built, sometimes extending for considerable distances underground, and represent a significant investment of labour by whoever constructed them. A second ringfort lies approximately 200 metres to the southwest, suggesting this was once a moderately populated stretch of landscape rather than an isolated holding.