Ringfort (Rath), Gallaras, Co. Kerry

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gallaras, Co. Kerry

The field boundaries around this low-lying rath on the Dingle Peninsula do something quietly telling: three of them radiate outward from the monument itself, at the southwest, northwest, and east.

The modern agricultural landscape, in other words, has organised itself around a structure that predates it by well over a thousand years. The ringfort sits at the junction of those three fields, southeast of Smerwick Harbour, and the land around it has simply absorbed it rather than removed it.

A univallate rath is an enclosure defined by a single earthen bank and an accompanying fosse, the external ditch from which the bank material was originally dug. Here the fosse runs two to three metres wide and reaches a maximum depth of about 0.75 metres, much reduced by erosion and disturbance over the centuries. The bank itself is more substantial, rising up to 2.5 metres above the fosse bottom and averaging three and a half to four metres across at its base. What makes this example particularly interesting is the internal revetment: the bank is faced on the inside with drystone walling up to 1.8 metres high, with traces of similar facing surviving on the outer flank at the west-northwest. The formal entrance faces east, a gap just half a metre wide through the bank. A second gap at the west-southwest is thought to be a later, secondary opening, and there may have been a third at the west-northwest where erosion has left the bank very low. At the original entrance, the fosse is barely detectable, and whether a causeway once bridged it is unclear. Inside, a roughly circular raised platform occupies the centre, reaching about 0.6 metres above the surrounding ground. Its stony surface and surviving courses of drystone masonry along its southwest edge suggest it served as a house-platform, the base on which a dwelling was constructed. A large slab set upright lies just south of it, and a second, prostrate slab in the eastern part of the raised area may belong to a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage typically used in early medieval Ireland for storage or refuge. The site was surveyed and recorded by J. Cuppage as part of the Corca Dhuibhne archaeological survey published in 1986.

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